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基于三维激光扫描的地铁隧道快速监测方法研究

郑敏,严凤,熊勇钢   

  • 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-04-28

Research on rapid monitoring method of subway tunnel based on 3D laser scanning

ZHENG Min,YAN Feng,XIONG Yonggang   

  • Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-04-28

摘要: 随着地铁建设的飞速发展,地铁监测项目众多、可供监测的天窗时间短、监测精度要求高,传统的地铁隧道测量方法已无法解决地铁监测工作中存在的测全难、测准难、测快难等问题。为此,研制了软硬件一体化的地铁移动三维激光扫描系统,从而实现了地铁结构形面毫米级高精度测量以及隧道逐环直径收敛监测、限界检测、椭圆度分析、错台分析、病害检测等功能,同时也实现了地铁结构形面从传统几何表形测量到安全状态精准判别的跨越。通过与传统全站仪断面测量及激光测距仪直接测量方法的测量结果进行对比发现:移动三维激光扫描测量成果可靠,具有突出的实时性、非接触性、数字化、自动化、高密度、高精度、高效率等优势,可有效地解决地铁轨道交通运行安全维护监测工作中存在的问题。

关键词: 快速监测方法, 安全监测, 结构形面, 三维激光扫描系统, 地铁隧道

Abstract: With the rapid development of subway construction, the requirements for safety monitoring of subway tunnels are more and more strict, such as short available monitoring “window time” and high monitoring accuracy requirements. Traditional subway tunnel measuring method cannot monitor subway completely, accurately and rapidly. Therefore, this paper develops a mobile 3D laser scanning system integrating hardware and software to realize millimeter-level high-precision measurement of tunnel structure and tunnel loop-by-loop diameter convergence monitoring, limit detection, ellipticity analysis, staggered analysis, damage detection and so on. In addition, it realizes the tunnel structure monitoring from the traditional geometric surface measurement to accurate identification of its safety state. Compared with the measuring results by traditional total station cross-section measurement and laser range finder direct measurement method, the mobile 3D laser scanning measurement result is reliable. The proposed method has advantages of outstanding real-time, non-contact, digitization, automation, high density, high precision, high efficiency, which can effectively solve the problems in the safety maintenance monitoring of rail transit operations.

Key words: rapid monitoring method, safety monitoring, tunnel structure, 3D laser scanning system;subway tunnel