人民长江 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 94-100.doi: 10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2022.05.015

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人工湿地中几种常见水生植物氨氮耐受性试验研究

朱士江;李凯凯;徐文;向鹏;廖再毅;贵树彪;   

  • 发布日期:2022-06-27

Calculation of ecological flow in Yanggong River trunk stream considering hydrological variation

REN Li1, GAO Jiachen1, YANG Haoyu2, MA Pingsen2   

  • Published:2022-06-27

摘要: 选择人工湿地中常用的6种水生植物(美人蕉、菖蒲、香蒲、芦苇、凤眼蓝和睡莲)为受试植物,进行氨氮耐受性试验。在人工培养条件下配置不同氨氮浓度的营养液对这6种植物进行培养,一定时间后,对植物的抗氧化酶防御系统主要酶学指标进行测试。通过测定植物叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化,找出6种水生植物的氨氮耐受性规律。结果表明:(1)菖蒲的SOD活性在氨氮浓度为300 mg/L左右时达到峰值,凤眼蓝、香蒲、睡莲的SOD活性峰值均在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右时出现,美人蕉和芦苇的SOD活性峰值出现在600 mg/L以后,且前期呈稳定增长;(2)凤眼蓝、睡莲、香蒲、菖蒲的CAT活性峰值均在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右出现,且前期都呈稳定增长,美人蕉和芦苇的CAT活性峰值在氨氮浓度为600~700 mg/L时出现,其中芦苇呈稳定增长,美人蕉呈先减后增的趋势;(3)凤眼蓝和睡莲的MDA在氨氮浓度为300 mg/L左右时达到峰值,香蒲和菖蒲的MDA在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右时出现峰值,美人蕉和芦苇的MDA峰值在氨氮浓度为600 mg/L以后出现;(5)菖蒲、凤眼蓝、芦苇、睡莲适用于低浓度氨氮环境,美人蕉和芦苇虽然受到低浓度氨氮的一些胁迫,但在高浓度时表现出色,美人蕉和芦苇对氨氮的耐受性更强。

关键词: 氨氮耐受性;富营养化;水生植物;人工湿地;生态修复;

Abstract: Climate and human activities have changed the consistency of river runoff, so the calculation of river ecological flow considering hydrological variation is of practical significance for the protection of river ecosystem. Taking Yanggong River as an example, four time series inspection methods were used to test the abrupt change of runoff series of Sanyi section and Jinhe section from 1959 to 2019. The ecological flows in different periods were calculated by using the monthly minimum ecological runoff method and the monthly frequency annual distribution calculation method, and the improved Tennant method was used to evaluate the runoff. Results showed that the variation years were 1997 and 2011; the minimum and appropriate ecological flow of the two sections were calculated in a natural state, sub-natural state, the present state and the state of not considering hydrological variation. It was found that the ecological flow of the sub-natural state was more favorable to the river ecosystem. The ecosystem of the present state was of certain destruction. The process of ecological runoff without considering variation was close to the natural state. In order to determine the ecological flow scientifically, more consideration should be given to the ecological runoff process in the natural state and the sub-natural state. At last, the work objectives and suggestions for the ecological flow of Yanggong River in 2020~2030 should be put forward.

Key words: ecohydrological method; hydrological variation points; minimum ecological flow; appropriate ecological flow; improved Tennant method; Yanggong River