人民长江 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 87-93.doi: 10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2022.08.014

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快速城市化流域综合径流系数确定方法比较研究

殷书梅;龚莉;张翔   

  • 发布日期:2022-10-20

Comparative study on determination method of watershed comprehensive runoff coefficient under rapid urbanization backgound

YIN Shumei1,GONG Li2,ZHANG Xiang2   

  • Published:2022-10-20

摘要: 径流系数是表征流域的产水能力、反映自然地理因素对降水形成径流过程影响程度的重要参数。针对快速城市化背景下的海绵城市规划建设需求,为了寻求具有一定物理基础且较简捷快速的方法来确定区域产流,以武汉市后湖流域为研究对象,采用基于降雨径流试验的拟合函数、面积加权法和水量平衡法3种方法计算综合径流系数,并分析比较各个方法的优缺点。结果表明:(1)后湖流域3种方法计算的综合径流系数值分别为0.49,0.49和0.58;基于试验的拟合函数法计算简便,面积加权法各土地利用类型的径流系数取值主观性较大,水量平衡法具有水文学原理,适用于监测资料较充足区域。(2)降雨过程水量平衡法计算结果表明,前期影响雨量对场次径流系数有较大影响,在规划设计中应结合设计工况对应的成灾雨型、雨量、设计重现期等影响因素,优选水量平衡计算法。(3)当实测资料较为缺乏时,综合考虑排水规范中面积加权法和降雨径流试验方法可以快速得到区域综合径流系数的参考值。研究成果可为城市水资源利用和海绵城市建设提供参考。

关键词: 湖泊流域;综合径流系数;降雨径流试验;面积加权法;水量平衡法;快速城市化;海绵城市;后湖流域;武汉市;

Abstract: The runoff coefficient is an important parameter characterizing the water production capacity of a basin and reflects the degree of influence of natural geographical factors on the rainfall-runoff process. In view of the requirements of sponge city planning and construction under the background of rapid urbanization, in order to seek a fast and simple method with a certain physical basis to determine regional runoff, the Houhu Basin in Wuhan City was taken as the research object. The fitting function based on rainfall-runoff test, area weighting method and water balance method were used to calculate the comprehensive runoff coefficient, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed and compared. The results show that three calculated values of comprehensive runoff coefficient in Houhu Basin are 0.49, 0.49 and 0.58, respectively. The fitting function method based on the test is easy to calculate, area weighting method is more subjective for the runoff coefficient value of each land use type, and the water balance method has hydrological principle and is suitable for areas with sufficient monitoring data. The calculation results of water balance method show that the antecedent precipitation has a great influence on the runoff coefficient. In the planning and design, the influencing factors such as disaster-causing rain pattern, rainfall amount and design return period corresponding to the design conditions should be combined to optimize the calculation method of water balance. When the measured data is relatively scarce, the reference value of regional comprehensive runoff coefficient can be quickly obtained by comprehensively considering the area weighting method and rainfall-runoff test method in the drainage specification. The research results can provide reference for urban water resources utilization and sponge city construction.

Key words: lake basin; comprehensive runoff coefficient; rainfall-runoff test; area weighting method; water balance method; rapid urbanization; sponge city; Houhu Basin; Wuhan City