关键词: 历史典型洪水;洪水还原;洪水还现;洪水分类;洪水组成;长江流域;

Abstract: The historical flood data of the basin contains a large amount of information on flood characteristics, which can provide a reference for flood design, flood forecasting, and real-time scheduling.This paper collected and sorted out basic data of the Changjiang River Basin, studied the reconstruction method of historical typical floods, and comprehensively reconstructed the historical flood processes of the Changjiang River Basin in 12 typical years(1870,1931,1954,1966,1981,1982,1998,2010,2012,2016,2017,2020)before and after the formation of the Three Gorges Reservoir.The historical typical flood database of the Changjiang River Basin was formed based on the current water projects system.According to the “National Regulations on the Classification of Basin-Wide Flood(Trial)”,the types of historical typical floods were identified, and the composition characteristics were analyzed and summarized.The floods in 1870,1931,1954,1998,and 2020 were identified as typical basin floods, with the main characteristics of high peak flows at the upstream representative stations, the return period of maximum 30-day flood of more than 10 years at the mid-lower representative stations, and the long-lasting high water level.The rest of the typical historical floods were identified as regional floods, with a common characteristic of the maximum 30-day flood return period at representative stations in the mid-lower reaches not exceeding 10a, and the water level exceedingthe warning stage for a short period, generally below 40 days.The above research has deepened the understanding of the characteristics of historical typical floods in the Changjiang River Basin and laid the foundation for further research on flood simulation and joint operation of water conservancy projects.

Key words: historically typical floods; flood reduction; flood forward reduction; flood classification; flood composition; Changjiang River Basin;