关键词: 竖缝式鱼道; 梯形断面; 流速; 紊动能;

Abstract: The construction of water conservancy projects has destroyed the longitudinal connection of rivers and changed the ecosystem. Fishway has become the key migration channel for fish going up rivers. 3 D turbulence model was used to numerically simulate the conventional vertical slot fishway with rectangular section pools and the newly designed vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal section pools,respectively. The flow structure,velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the two kinds of pools under the same flow and water level were analyzed. It found that for the trapezoidal pool,the recirculation zone was large with small flow velocity in it,the flow velocity distribution at the vertical slot was uniform,and the maximum flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller than those in the rectangular pool. The flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in rectangular pool showed typical binary characteristics along the water depth direction. The flow velocity at the vertical joint of trapezoidal pool decreased gradually along the water depth direction,and the turbulent kinetic energy increased gradually. As an unconventional fishway type,the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal section pool basically met the migration of fish,and some indicators were better than the rectangular fishway. The relevant results can provide some references for design optimization of fishways.

Key words: vertical slot fishway; trapezoid section; flow velocity; turbulent kinetic energy;