人民长江

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中国城市水资源利用效率差异性分析——基于286个地级及以上城市面板数据的实证

杨超,吴立军,   

  • 出版日期:2020-08-28 发布日期:2020-08-28

Disparities of urban water utilization efficiency in China:an empirical study based on panel data of 286 prefecture level cities in China

YANG Chao, WU Lijun   

  • Online:2020-08-28 Published:2020-08-28

摘要: 为了测度中国不同规模、不同级别及不同区域城市的水资源利用效率,收集了2000~2015年中国286个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用数据包络分析法测度了中国286个地级及以上城市水资源利用效率,并且利用面板模型对水资源利用效率的影响因素进行分析。研究结果显示:①研究期间中国城市水资源利用综合效率、技术效率与规模效率总体呈现波动中上升趋势;特大城市、东部城市和高行政级别城市水资源利用综合效率高于其他分组。②规模效率对综合效率的影响及制约能力强于技术效率;技术效率较低是限制中国城市水资源提高的主要原因。③经济发展水平及科技教育进步对城市水资源利用效率提高具有正相关关系,其他因子均在不同程度上与城市水资源利用效率具有负相关关系;不同规模、不同行政级别及不同区域城市水资源利用效率影响因素具有显著区别。基于研究结果,从生产技术、产业结构、投资结构、市场机制、政策制度和人口素质等方面提出了提高水资源利用效率的建议。

关键词: 水资源利用效率, 技术效率, 规模效率, 城市规模, 数据包络分析法, 固定效应模型

Abstract: In order to measure urban water utilization efficiency in China from the perspective of urban scale, administrative scale and region, we collected the panel data of 286 prefecture level cities in China from 2000 to 2015 and adopted Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method to measure their urban water utilization efficiency. Besides, the panel model was used to analyze the influencing factors of water resource utilization efficiency. The results showed that:① From 2000 to 2015, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and the scale efficiency of urban water resource utilization in China showed an increasing trend with fluctuation, the comprehensive water resources utilization efficiency in mega-cities, eastern cities, and high-administrative level cities were higher than other groups. ②The effect of scale efficiency of urban water resource utilization on comprehensive efficiency and restriction ability was stronger than technical efficiency. The lower technical efficiency of water resources utilization efficiency was the main reason that limited the increase of comprehensive water resources utilization efficiency in China. ③Economic development level and the progress of science, technology and education had a positive correlation with the improvement of urban water resource utilization efficiency. Other factors were negatively correlated with urban water resource utilization efficiency, and the driving factors were different for different size cities, different administrative-level cities, and the cities in different regions. According to the study results, scientific advice was provided for improving the efficiency of water resources utilization in different scale cities from aspects of production technology, industrial structure, investment structure, market mechanism, policy system, and population quality.

Key words: water resource utilization efficiency, urban scale, Data Envelopment Analysis, fixed effect model,