关键词: 淡水生态系统, 监测评价, 指标体系, 水资源管理

Abstract: Freshwater ecosystem monitoring is a historical necessity for the development of water resources management. This paper summarized the meanings, service functions and influencing factors of freshwater ecosystem, and analyzed the shortcomings of current evaluation indicators of freshwater ecosystem monitoring. In order to understand the present status, changes and evolutionary trends of freshwater ecosystems, by combining the principles, theories and methods of freshwater ecosystem monitoring evaluation, the evaluation indicators comprised of structures, functions and stability of freshwater ecosystem monitoring were proposed at levels of species, population, community and ecosystem respectively.

Key words: freshwater ecosystem, evaluation and monitoring, index system； water resource management